Back Cove is an estuary basin on the northern side of the City of Portland, Maine's downtown district. It is nearly circular and about one mile in diameter. A popular loop trail runs around the circumference of the cove.[1] Being tidal, Back Cove dries out to mud flats at low tide and is not commercially navigable. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Back Bay.
Baxter Boulevard is a road and parkway in Portland, Maine situated on Back Cove. Wrapping around the west side of Back Cove, the roadway served as the means to head north from downtown Portland before Tukey's Bridge, now on I-295, was built. The road was part of US Route 1 until May 2007.
A 3.6 mile (6 km) recreation path encircles Back Cove. An offshoot in the stretch that runs parallel to I-295 leads to East End Beach.
The parkway and roadway began as an initiative of Mayor James Phinney Baxter, for whom it is named. It was envisioned as one of four parks in the city (along with Deering Oaks, Western Promenade and Eastern Promenade) which would encircle the city. Property owners donated the land next to the cove and the walking and biking path were filled in. Originally called the Back Cove Boulevard, the parkway opened in 1917. It covers 30 acres and the pathway is 2.25 miles in length.[2]
Tree planting began on the Boulevard in 1921 as a memorial to World War I victims.[3]
Baxter Boulevard has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Portland as an historic landscape district, Maine since October 1989.[4]
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